Streptozocin

Indications

Streptozocin is primarily indicated for the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the pancreas, specifically targeting metastatic islet cell carcinoma. This pancreatic cancer treatment is tailored to address the unique aspects of this particular type of tumor.

Absorption

Streptozocin exhibits poor oral absorption, with rates ranging from 17% to 25%. This limited bioavailability necessitates careful consideration of administration routes to ensure therapeutic effectiveness.

Metabolism

The metabolism of streptozocin occurs primarily in the liver. As the principal site for its metabolic processing, the hepatic system plays a critical role in the drug's breakdown and subsequent elimination.

Mechanism of Action

Streptozocin's mechanism of action, while not entirely elucidated, primarily involves the inhibition of DNA synthesis. It disrupts various biochemical processes, particularly affecting NAD and NADH, and hinders certain enzymes crucial for gluconeogenesis. This compound exerts its effects through the formation of methylcarbonium ions, which have the ability to alkylate or bind to numerous intracellular molecular structures, including nucleic acids. The resulting cytotoxicity is likely attributable to the cross-linking of DNA strands, effectively inhibiting DNA synthesis.