Indications
Albendazole is indicated for the treatment of parenchymal neurocysticercosis caused by active lesions of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. Additionally, it is used for treating·hydatid disease of the liver, lung·hich is linked to the larval form of the dog tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus.
Pharmacodynamics
As a broad-spectrum anthelmintic, albendazole functions primarily by inhibiting·his inhibition disrupts cytoplasmic microtubule formation, which is essential for the energy metabolism and survival of the parasite, effectively leading·hibits poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, attributable to its low solubility in water. However, its oral bioavailability can be significantly enhanced when ing·h a high-fat meal, approximately containing·hich facilitates better absorption.
Metabolism
Albendazole undergoes hepatic metabolism and is rapidly converted in the liver to its primary metabolite, albendazole sulfoxide. This metabolite is further processed into albendazole sulfone and other oxidative metabolites, which have been detected in human urine, indicating·he pathways through which the drug is eliminated from the body.
Mechanism of Action
Albendazole exerts its therapeutic effects by inducing degenerative changes in the tegument and intestinal cells of parasitic worms, significantly disrupting their energy production and leading to their immobilization and death. This is achieved through its binding to the colchicine-sensitive site of tubulin, which prevents the polymerization and assembly of microtubules. Since cytoplasmic microtubules play an essential role in facilitating glucose uptake in both larval and adult stages of susceptible parasites, their disruption leads to the depletion of the parasites' glycogen reserves. Additionally, albendazole induces degenerative changes in the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria of the germinal layer, along with the release of lysosomes. These alterations result in a decreased production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the critical energy source necessary for the survival of the helminth.
